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YAML Pipelines

1 - Structure YAML​

1.1 Hiérarchie​

1.2 Structure complète​

# Nom du pipeline
name: $(Build.DefinitionName)_$(Date:yyyyMMdd)$(Rev:.r)

# Triggers
trigger:
  branches:
    include:
      - main

# Pull Request triggers
pr:
  branches:
    include:
      - main

# Ressources
resources:
  repositories:
    - repository: templates
      type: git
      name: MyProject/templates

# Variables
variables:
  - name: buildConfiguration
    value: Release

# Stages
stages:
  - stage: Build
    jobs:
      - job: BuildJob
        pool:
          vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'
        steps:
          - script: echo Building

2 - Triggers​

2.1 CI Triggers​

# Trigger sur branches
trigger:
  branches:
    include:
      - main
      - releases/*
    exclude:
      - releases/old/*
  paths:
    include:
      - src/*
    exclude:
      - docs/*
  tags:
    include:
      - v*

2.2 PR Triggers​

pr:
  branches:
    include:
      - main
  paths:
    exclude:
      - README.md
  drafts: false

2.3 Scheduled Triggers​

schedules:
  - cron: '0 0 * * *'
    displayName: 'Daily midnight build'
    branches:
      include:
        - main
    always: true

3 - Jobs et Steps​

3.1 Job simple​

jobs:
  - job: Build
    displayName: 'Build Application'
    pool:
      vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'
    timeoutInMinutes: 60
    variables:
      NODE_ENV: production
    steps:
      - script: npm install
      - script: npm run build

3.2 Jobs parallèles​

jobs:
  - job: Linux
    pool:
      vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'
    steps:
      - script: echo Building on Linux

  - job: Windows
    pool:
      vmImage: 'windows-latest'
    steps:
      - script: echo Building on Windows

  - job: macOS
    pool:
      vmImage: 'macos-latest'
    steps:
      - script: echo Building on macOS

3.3 Job dependencies​

jobs:
  - job: Build
    steps:
      - script: echo Build

  - job: Test
    dependsOn: Build
    steps:
      - script: echo Test

  - job: Deploy
    dependsOn:
      - Build
      - Test
    condition: succeeded()
    steps:
      - script: echo Deploy

4 - Conditions​

4.1 Conditions de base​

steps:
  # Toujours exécuter
  - script: echo Always runs
    condition: always()
  
  # Exécuter si succès
  - script: echo On success
    condition: succeeded()
  
  # Exécuter si échec
  - script: echo On failure
    condition: failed()
  
  # Condition sur branche
  - script: echo Only on main
    condition: eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main')
  
  # Condition sur variable
  - script: echo Production deploy
    condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['environment'], 'production'))

4.2 Conditions avancées​

# Exécuter si tag
condition: startsWith(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/tags/')

# Exécuter si PR
condition: eq(variables['Build.Reason'], 'PullRequest')

# Exécuter si scheduled
condition: eq(variables['Build.Reason'], 'Schedule')

# Combinaison
condition: |
  and(
    succeeded(),
    or(
      eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main'),
      startsWith(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/tags/v')
    )
  )

5 - Matrix builds​

jobs:
  - job: Build
    strategy:
      matrix:
        linux-node16:
          imageName: 'ubuntu-latest'
          nodeVersion: '16.x'
        linux-node18:
          imageName: 'ubuntu-latest'
          nodeVersion: '18.x'
        windows-node18:
          imageName: 'windows-latest'
          nodeVersion: '18.x'
      maxParallel: 3
    pool:
      vmImage: $(imageName)
    steps:
      - task: NodeTool@0
        inputs:
          versionSpec: $(nodeVersion)
      - script: npm test

6 - Templates​

6.1 Step template​

# templates/npm-steps.yml
parameters:
  - name: nodeVersion
    type: string
    default: '18.x'

steps:
  - task: NodeTool@0
    inputs:
      versionSpec: ${{ parameters.nodeVersion }}
  
  - script: npm ci
    displayName: 'Install dependencies'
  
  - script: npm run build
    displayName: 'Build'
  
  - script: npm test
    displayName: 'Test'
# azure-pipelines.yml
steps:
  - template: templates/npm-steps.yml
    parameters:
      nodeVersion: '20.x'

6.2 Job template​

# templates/build-job.yml
parameters:
  - name: environment
    type: string

jobs:
  - job: Build_${{ parameters.environment }}
    pool:
      vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'
    variables:
      ENV: ${{ parameters.environment }}
    steps:
      - script: echo Building for $(ENV)
# azure-pipelines.yml
stages:
  - stage: Build
    jobs:
      - template: templates/build-job.yml
        parameters:
          environment: 'dev'
      - template: templates/build-job.yml
        parameters:
          environment: 'prod'

6.3 Stage template​

# templates/deploy-stage.yml
parameters:
  - name: environment
    type: string
  - name: dependsOn
    type: object
    default: []

stages:
  - stage: Deploy_${{ parameters.environment }}
    dependsOn: ${{ parameters.dependsOn }}
    jobs:
      - deployment: Deploy
        environment: ${{ parameters.environment }}
        strategy:
          runOnce:
            deploy:
              steps:
                - script: echo Deploying to ${{ parameters.environment }}

7 - Expressions et fonctions​

7.1 Expressions compile-time​

variables:
  # Expression évaluée au moment de la compilation
  ${{ if eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main') }}:
    environment: 'production'
  ${{ else }}:
    environment: 'development'

7.2 Expressions runtime​

steps:
  - script: |
      echo "Branch: $(Build.SourceBranch)"
      echo "Is Main: $[eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main')]"

7.3 Fonctions utiles​

FonctionDescription
eq(a, b)Égalité
ne(a, b)Non égal
and(a, b)ET logique
or(a, b)OU logique
not(a)Négation
contains(a, b)Contient
startsWith(a, b)Commence par
format('{0}', a)Formatage
coalesce(a, b)Première valeur non vide

8 - Outputs et dépendances​

8.1 Outputs entre steps​

steps:
  - script: |
      echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=myVar;isOutput=true]myValue"
    name: SetVar
  
  - script: echo $(SetVar.myVar)

8.2 Outputs entre jobs​

jobs:
  - job: A
    steps:
      - script: echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=myVar;isOutput=true]myValue"
        name: SetVar
  
  - job: B
    dependsOn: A
    variables:
      varFromA: $[ dependencies.A.outputs['SetVar.myVar'] ]
    steps:
      - script: echo $(varFromA)

8.3 Outputs entre stages​

stages:
  - stage: Build
    jobs:
      - job: BuildJob
        steps:
          - script: echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=version;isOutput=true]1.0.0"
            name: SetVersion
  
  - stage: Deploy
    dependsOn: Build
    variables:
      appVersion: $[ stageDependencies.Build.BuildJob.outputs['SetVersion.version'] ]
    jobs:
      - job: DeployJob
        steps:
          - script: echo Deploying version $(appVersion)

Résumé​

Dans ce chapitre, nous avons appris :

  • La structure YAML complète
  • Les triggers (CI, PR, scheduled)
  • Les jobs et leurs dépendances
  • Les conditions et expressions
  • Les matrix builds
  • Les templates réutilisables
  • Les outputs entre jobs/stages

Prochaine étape​

Dans le prochain chapitre, nous verrons Azure Artifacts.

→ Chapitre suivant : Azure Artifacts

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